Working Principle of Brake Linings
When the driver depresses the brake pedal, the brake calipers (or brake shoes) push the brake linings into close contact with the rotating brake discs (or brake drums). The sliding friction between the friction layer and the braking surface converts the vehicle's kinetic energy into thermal energy. The heat is dissipated through the brake discs/drums and the air, ultimately achieving the deceleration or stopping of the vehicle.
During the braking process, the friction layer will experience a small amount of wear (a normal phenomenon). However, excessive wear or high temperatures can lead to performance degradation (such as "thermal fade": a sudden drop in the friction coefficient at high temperatures, resulting in a significant reduction in braking force).
